How do children formulate their self-concept and self-esteem?

Children formulate their self-concept and self-esteem largely through the support they receive from family and friends. Positive feedback, encouragement, and a nurturing environment help children develop a strong sense of self-worth. When children are surrounded by supportive relationships, they are more likely to feel valued and understood, which lays a foundation for a healthy self-concept.

Support from family and friends provides children with the emotional tools necessary to navigate social interactions and challenges, reinforcing their identities and boosting their confidence. Such positive reinforcement enables them to appreciate their unique qualities and capabilities, contributing to a robust self-esteem.

The other options, while impactful in different ways, generally do not foster a positive developing self-concept. Peer rejection and isolation can lead to feelings of inadequacy and lower self-esteem, while excessive independence, if not coupled with guidance, might disconnect children from valuable support systems, impacting their overall sense of self.